E-CIGARETTE
E-CIGARETTE: TOXIC COMPONENTS AND CARDIOPULMONARY EFFECTS OF INHALING ITS AEROSOLS - LITERATURE REVIEW FROM 2019-2024
Keywords:
Electronic cigarettes, vaping, e-liquid, inflammatory cytokines, EVALI, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis.Abstract
In 2003, electronic cigarettes (ECs) were created to assist smokers in quitting tobacco. Since then, numerous vaping devices with appealing flavored "e-liquids" have emerged, particularly targeting adolescents. Despite sales regulations, it is estimated that 6% of young Panamanians use these devices, underscoring the need to study their health effects. This literature review details the components of ECs and their cardiopulmonary effects. Nicotine is highlighted as a cause of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, potentially leading to cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, flavorings, formaldehyde, acrolein, and other aerosol components of ECs induce pulmonary and vascular toxicity through an inflammatory reaction mediated by IL-6 and IL-8, immune cells, and enzymes. This affects the pulmonary mucociliary system and predisposes users to obstructive pulmonary diseases like COPD. Although the chronic effects of ECs are unknown, some flavorings have been linked to lipid pneumonia or "popcorn lung," as well as EVALI (Electronic Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury), studied after numerous cases in 2019. Studied acute effects of ECs indicate health risks, hence it's recommended that young individuals educate themselves and refrain from using these devices.
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