SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF VASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH COVID 19 WITHOUT COMORBIDITIES
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cardiovascular complications, thromboembolism, ischemiaAbstract
COVID-19 has shown a complex interaction with the vascular and cardiovascular system, triggering a series of events that directly affect the vascular endothelium and myocardium. The widespread presence of ACE2 receptors in the vascular endothelium facilitates entry of the virus, triggering an inflammatory and thrombotic response leading to endothelial injury. Elevated levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, markers of hypercoagulability, have been identified and correlate with disease severity and risk of thrombotic events. In this article, we will focus on studying the pathophysiological mechanisms that influence vascular damage in COVID 19 infections, demonstrate the incidence between vascular damage and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and analyze the impact of COVID 19 on the development of vascular disease in patients without comorbidities.
References
Guijarro, C. (2020). COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Clínica e Investigación En Arteriosclerosis
(English Edition), 32(6), 263–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artere.2020. 11.005
Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, Haverich A, Welte T, Laenger F, et al. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in covid-19. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr
;383(2):120–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/324 37596/
Zanini G, Selleri V, Roncati L, Coppi F, Nasi M, Farinetti A, et al. Vascular “Long COVID”: A new vessel disease? Angiology [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Apr 18];75(1):8–14.
Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331972 31153204
Turner S, Khan MA, Putrino D, Woodcock A, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Long COVID: pathophysiological factors and abnormalities of coagulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024
Apr 18];34(6):321–44. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2023. 03.002
Kruger A, Vlok M, Turner S, Venter C, Laubscher GJ, Kell DB, et al. Proteomics of fibrin amyloid microclots in long COVID/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) shows many entrapped pro-inflammatory molecules that may also contribute to a failed fibrinolytic system. Cardiovasc Diabetol [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Apr 18];21(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/361 31342/
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr
;323(11):1061. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/ja ma/fullarticle/2761044
Alhogbani T. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Saudi Med [Internet]. 2016;36(1):78–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947. 2016.78
Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Apr
;42(2):206–206. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/ar ticle/42/2/206/5807656
Franco-Moreno A, Muñoz-Rivas N, Mestre-Gómez B, Torres-Macho J. Tromboembolismo pulmonar y COVID-19: un cambio de paradigma. Rev Clin Esp [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr 18];220(7):459–61.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2020.0 5.006
Figueroa Triana JF, Salas Márquez DA, Cabrera Silva JS, Alvarado Castro CC, Buitrago Sandoval AF. COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular. Rev Colomb Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;27(3):166–74.
Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2020
.04.004
Siddiqi HK, Libby P, Ridker PM. COVID-19 – A vascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med [Internet]. 2021;31(1):1–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2020. 10.005
Lala A, Johnson KW, Januzzi JL, Russak AJ, Paranjpe I, Richter F, et al. Prevalence and impact of myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;76(5):533–46.
Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020. 06.007
UpToDate [Internet]. Uptodate.com. [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/c ovid-19-hypercoagulability?csi=b4b6 b4b1-5295-4392-b0c6-2dd133ca625e
&source=contentShare
UpToDate [Internet]. Uptodate.com. [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/o verview-of-upper-extremity-ischemia?csi=8f41d350-4d8c-4353-8ad4-2dd9 966f4e79&source=contentShare
[cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from: http://(https://www.uptodate.com/con tents/evaluation-and-management-of- disseminated-intravascular-coagulati on-dic-in-adults?sectionName=Extra cellular%20DNA%20and%20NETs& topicRef=127926&anchor=H287702 7455&source=see_link#H287702745 5
Saliba Júnior OA, Alves AF de J, Matarazzo C, Gonçalves GT, Sobreira ML. Trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores em pacientes com covid-19. J Vasc Bras [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 18];22:e20230027. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/jvb/a/Cg4Dxt LNkmHhcCkSbSLckDB/?lang=pt
Sld.cu. [cited 2024 Apr 18]. Available from:
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?pid=S1 561-31942020000500021&script=sci
_arttext
Soares PHA, Reis JRC, Teixeira SPN. Superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus thrombosis associated with COVID-19: a case report. Rev Bras Oftalmol [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 18];82:e0012.
Available from:
https://www.scielo.br/j/rbof/a/KsSPcs mNDVhqX4ys3pcN9kD/?lang=en
Sabioni L, De Lorenzo A, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Estato V, Tibirica E. Long-term assessment of systemic microcirculatory function and plasma cytokines after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Braz J Infect Dis
[Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr
;27(1):102719. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/bjid/a/Z9Y5j9 J67RxHSWj73Qs4qzQ/?lang=en
Rodrigues AA, Cardoso JDC, Miraveti J de C, Cenzi CM. MARCADOR DE LESIÓN MIOCÁRDICA TROPONINA Y RESULTADO EN COVID-19: REVISIÓN DEL ALCANCE.
Cogitare Enferm [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 18];28:e90072.
Available from:
https://www.scielo.br/j/cenf/a/CSSGP jWSsWr3dRSq3YBtsYn/?lang=es
Giacca M, Shah AM. The pathological maelstrom of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Nat Cardiovasc Res [Internet]. 2022;1(3):200–10.
Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44161-022
-00029-5
Medigraphic.com. [cited 2024 Apr
. Available from: https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bi n/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=1 04141
Shi S, Qin M, Cai Y, Liu T, Shen B, Yang F, et al. Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Apr
;41(22):2070–9. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/ar ticle/41/22/2070/5835730?login=false
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
El contenido de las publicaciones son responsabilidad absoluta de los autores y no de la Universidad ni de la revista Conducta Científica, que es editada por la Universidad Latina de Panamá. La revista permite a los autores mantener el derecho de autor sobre los articulos y documentos publicados mediante el uso de la siguiente licencia.
Los artículos se publican con una licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es
Bajo los siguientes términos:
-
Atribución — Usted debe dar crédito de manera adecuada, brindar un enlace a la licencia, e indicar si se han realizado cambios. Puede hacerlo en cualquier forma razonable, pero no de forma tal que sugiera que usted o su uso tienen el apoyo de la licenciante.
-
NoComercial — Usted no puede hacer uso del material con propósitos comerciales.
-
CompartirIgual — Si remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, debe distribuir su contribución bajo la misma licencia del original.
